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Primary Prevention and Preliminary Advice
Primary Prevention and Preliminary Advice
• Ovariohysterectomy (Spaying): The only method to completely prevent or terminate pregnancy.
• Ovariohysterectomy (Spaying): The only method to completely prevent or terminate pregnancy.
• Confirmation of Pregnancy: Advised before proceeding with termination because 60% of misbred female dogs do not conceive.
• Confirmation of Pregnancy: Advised before proceeding with termination because 60% of misbred female dogs do not conceive.
• Ineffective Methods: Postcoital douches are of no value in preventing pregnancy.
• Ineffective Methods: Postcoital douches are of no value in preventing pregnancy.
Not Advised Methods (High Risk/Unreliable)
Not Advised Methods (High Risk/Unreliable)
• Injectable Estrogens: Not advised due to the risk of:
• Injectable Estrogens: Not advised due to the risk of:
◦ Pyometra (uterine infection).
◦ Pyometra (uterine infection).
◦ Potentially fatal bone marrow suppression.
◦ Potentially fatal bone marrow suppression.
• Oral Estrogens: Not advised because they are:
• Oral Estrogens: Not advised because they are:
◦ Unreliable in terminating pregnancy.
◦ Unreliable in terminating pregnancy.
◦ Greatly increase the risk of pyometra when given during diestrus.
◦ Greatly increase the risk of pyometra when given during diestrus.
Recommended Medical Termination (Abortifacients)
Recommended Medical Termination (Abortifacients)
A. Prostaglandins (Primary Medical Choice)
A. Prostaglandins (Primary Medical Choice)
• Natural Hormone (Prostaglandin F2α):
• Natural Hormone (Prostaglandin F2α):
◦ Dosage: 0.1 mg/kg, SC, 3x/day for 48 hours, followed by 0.2 mg/kg, SC, 3x/day to effect.
◦ Dosage: 0.1 mg/kg, SC, 3x/day for 48 hours, followed by 0.2 mg/kg, SC, 3x/day to effect.
◦ Side Effects: Panting, trembling, nausea, and diarrhea (mild and transient).
◦ Side Effects: Panting, trembling, nausea, and diarrhea (mild and transient).
◦ Duration: Treatment can reach 14 days.
◦ Duration: Treatment can reach 14 days.
• Synthetic Prostaglandins (Cloprostenol):
• Synthetic Prostaglandins (Cloprostenol):
◦ Status: Currently preferred.
◦ Status: Currently preferred.
◦ Benefit: Specifically targets the myometrium, resulting in fewer systemic adverse effects.
◦ Benefit: Specifically targets the myometrium, resulting in fewer systemic adverse effects.
• Prostaglandin E (Misoprostol) - Dogs Only:
• Prostaglandin E (Misoprostol) - Dogs Only:
◦ Administered intravaginally (1–3 mcg/kg/day) concurrently with PGF2α to reduce treatment time by roughly 48 hours.
◦ Administered intravaginally (1–3 mcg/kg/day) concurrently with PGF2α to reduce treatment time by roughly 48 hours.
B. Other Medical Protocols
B. Other Medical Protocols
• Dexamethasone (Dogs Only):
• Dexamethasone (Dogs Only):
◦ Dosage: 0.2 mg/kg, PO, bid to effect.
◦ Dosage: 0.2 mg/kg, PO, bid to effect.
◦ Side Effects: Panting, polyuria (excessive urination), and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
◦ Side Effects: Panting, polyuria (excessive urination), and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
• Combination Protocols (Cabergoline + Cloprostenol):
• Combination Protocols (Cabergoline + Cloprostenol):
◦ Success: Reported to have the greatest success rates and shortest treatment times with minimal effects.
◦ Success: Reported to have the greatest success rates and shortest treatment times with minimal effects.
◦ Drawbacks: High cost and the requirement for drug compounding.
◦ Drawbacks: High cost and the requirement for drug compounding.
• Antiprogestins (Aglepristone):
• Antiprogestins (Aglepristone):
◦ Safe and effective, but availability remains problematic.
◦ Safe and effective, but availability remains problematic.
Monitoring and Success:
Monitoring and Success:
• Verification: Medical treatment must continue "to effect," which is defined as the evacuation of all fetuses.
• Verification: Medical treatment must continue "to effect," which is defined as the evacuation of all fetuses.
• Confirmation Method: Success must be confirmed via ultrasonography.
• Confirmation Method: Success must be confirmed via ultrasonography.
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