Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a progressive upper airway disorder that affects short-nosed dog and cat breeds. The condition results from a combination of inherited anatomical abnormalities, such as stenotic nares, an elongated soft palate, and tracheal hypoplasia, which increase airway resistance and make breathing more difficult. Affected animals commonly exhibit noisy breathing, exercise intolerance, heat sensitivity, and, in severe cases, respiratory distress or collapse. Early recognition and surgical intervention can significantly improve quality of life and help prevent progression to more severe airway changes.