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Core Principles and Objectives
Core Principles and Objectives
• Primary Goal: To identify changes or lesions immediately after slaughter and evisceration that indicate meat is unsuitable for food.
• Primary Goal: To identify changes or lesions immediately after slaughter and evisceration that indicate meat is unsuitable for food.
• Scope of Observation: Includes all parts of the carcass, dressing procedures, equipment, and facilities.
• Scope of Observation: Includes all parts of the carcass, dressing procedures, equipment, and facilities.
• Contamination Prevention: Procedures are designed to prevent the contamination of edible parts during the process.
• Contamination Prevention: Procedures are designed to prevent the contamination of edible parts during the process.
• Personnel Roles:
• Personnel Roles:
◦ Line Inspectors: Perform routine inspections to detect clinical signs of disease or conditions needing further review.
◦ Line Inspectors: Perform routine inspections to detect clinical signs of disease or conditions needing further review.
◦ Veterinarians: Conduct further examinations on carcasses flagged by line inspectors.
◦ Veterinarians: Conduct further examinations on carcasses flagged by line inspectors.
Inspection Outcomes and Control
Inspection Outcomes and Control
• Passed: Carcasses and parts found to be healthful, sound, and not adulterated receive an official mark of inspection.
• Passed: Carcasses and parts found to be healthful, sound, and not adulterated receive an official mark of inspection.
• Condemned: Carcasses and parts found diseased or contaminated are condemned and must be disposed of safely.
• Condemned: Carcasses and parts found diseased or contaminated are condemned and must be disposed of safely.
• Passed for Cooking Only: A conditional status where the carcass must remain under inspector control until the cooking process is completed.
• Passed for Cooking Only: A conditional status where the carcass must remain under inspector control until the cooking process is completed.
Species-Specific Protocols
Species-Specific Protocols
🐄Cattle
🐄Cattle
• Head:
• Head:
◦ Observe surfaces and eyes.
◦ Observe surfaces and eyes.
◦ Incise and examine: Mandibular, parotid, medial retropharyngeal, and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
◦ Incise and examine: Mandibular, parotid, medial retropharyngeal, and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
◦ Examine lateral and medial masticatory muscles and the tongue (palpate tongue).
◦ Examine lateral and medial masticatory muscles and the tongue (palpate tongue).
• Viscera:
• Viscera:
◦ Examine abdominal viscera and mesenteric lymph nodes.
◦ Examine abdominal viscera and mesenteric lymph nodes.
◦ Examine and palpate ruminoreticular junction, esophagus, and spleen.
◦ Examine and palpate ruminoreticular junction, esophagus, and spleen.
◦ Incise and examine: Cranial, middle, and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes; left and right bronchial lymph nodes; and hepatic lymph nodes.
◦ Incise and examine: Cranial, middle, and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes; left and right bronchial lymph nodes; and hepatic lymph nodes.
◦ Examine lungs (palpate costal and ventral surfaces).
◦ Examine lungs (palpate costal and ventral surfaces).
◦ Incise heart from base to apex and examine.
◦ Incise heart from base to apex and examine.
◦ Incise bile duct in both directions to examine contents.
◦ Incise bile duct in both directions to examine contents.
◦ Examine liver (dorsal/ventral surfaces and renal impression).
◦ Examine liver (dorsal/ventral surfaces and renal impression).
• Carcass:
• Carcass:
◦ Examine internal and external surfaces.
◦ Examine internal and external surfaces.
◦ Palpate internal iliac, diaphragm, kidneys, and superficial inguinal or supramammary lymph nodes.
◦ Palpate internal iliac, diaphragm, kidneys, and superficial inguinal or supramammary lymph nodes.
🐮Calves (Veal)
🐮Calves (Veal)
• Head: Observe surfaces; incise and examine medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
• Head: Observe surfaces; incise and examine medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
• Viscera:
• Viscera:
◦ Examine abdominal viscera and spleen.
◦ Examine abdominal viscera and spleen.
◦ Examine and palpate bronchial nodes, mediastinal nodes, heart, and lungs.
◦ Examine and palpate bronchial nodes, mediastinal nodes, heart, and lungs.
◦ Examine liver surfaces and palpate hepatic lymph nodes.
◦ Examine liver surfaces and palpate hepatic lymph nodes.
• Carcass: Examine inner/outer surfaces; palpate kidneys and internal iliac lymph nodes.
• Carcass: Examine inner/outer surfaces; palpate kidneys and internal iliac lymph nodes.
🐏Sheep and Goats
🐏Sheep and Goats
• Head and Carcass:
• Head and Carcass:
◦ Examine head, neck, shoulders, body cavities, and outer surfaces.
◦ Examine head, neck, shoulders, body cavities, and outer surfaces.
◦ Palpate back, sides, and kidneys.
◦ Palpate back, sides, and kidneys.
◦ Palpate lymph nodes: Prescapular, femoral, popliteal, and superficial inguinal or supramammary nodes.
◦ Palpate lymph nodes: Prescapular, femoral, popliteal, and superficial inguinal or supramammary nodes.
◦ Incise lymph nodes specifically when necessary to exclude caseous lymphadenitis.
◦ Incise lymph nodes specifically when necessary to exclude caseous lymphadenitis.
• Viscera:
• Viscera:
◦ Examine abdominal viscera, esophagus, mesenteric lymph nodes, omental fat, spleen, and heart.
◦ Examine abdominal viscera, esophagus, mesenteric lymph nodes, omental fat, spleen, and heart.
◦ Examine bile duct, gallbladder, and their contents.
◦ Examine bile duct, gallbladder, and their contents.
◦ Examine and palpate liver, lungs (costal and ventral surfaces), and bronchial/mediastinal lymph nodes.
◦ Examine and palpate liver, lungs (costal and ventral surfaces), and bronchial/mediastinal lymph nodes.
🐖Pigs (Swine)
🐖Pigs (Swine)
• Head: Examine head and cut surfaces; incise mandibular lymph nodes.
• Head: Examine head and cut surfaces; incise mandibular lymph nodes.
• Viscera:
• Viscera:
◦ Examine and palpate mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and heart.
◦ Examine and palpate mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and heart.
◦ Palpate portal, left/right bronchial, and mediastinal lymph nodes.
◦ Palpate portal, left/right bronchial, and mediastinal lymph nodes.
◦ Examine liver surfaces and lungs (dorsal and ventral surfaces).
◦ Examine liver surfaces and lungs (dorsal and ventral surfaces).
• Carcass: Examine external/internal surfaces and kidneys; incise any suspected abnormalities.
• Carcass: Examine external/internal surfaces and kidneys; incise any suspected abnormalities.
🐥Poultry
🐥Poultry
• Overall Condition: Observe general condition and internal/external surfaces.
• Overall Condition: Observe general condition and internal/external surfaces.
• Defects: Check for dressing defects, bruises, and disease lesions.
• Defects: Check for dressing defects, bruises, and disease lesions.
• Specific Anatomy:
• Specific Anatomy:
◦ Observe exposed hock joints.
◦ Observe exposed hock joints.
◦ Examine viscera.
◦ Examine viscera.
◦ Examine kidneys and lungs in place.
◦ Examine kidneys and lungs in place.
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