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Beata Halassy Self-treatment
خود درمانی دانشمند ویروس شناس
انقلابی در بینایی: اولین مطالعه بالینی پیوند قرنیه مشتق از سلولهای بنیادی
Take a deep breath of virus
Veterinary Medicine
Emergency
The Fluid Resuscitation Plan in Animals
Assessment of Resuscitation Efforts in Animals
Maintenance Fluid Plan in Animals
Trauma in Emergency Medicine in Small Animals
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Small Animals
First Aid and Transport of Small Animals
Receiving Area for Small Animal Emergency Patients
Initial Triage and Resuscitation of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Secondary Survey of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Acute Glaucoma in Small Animals
Overview of Ophthalmic Emergencies in Small Animals
Animal Behavior
Decoding Animal Behavior
Diagnosis of Behavior Problems
Behavior Prognosis
Treatment of Behavior Problems
Social Behavior of Horses
Behavioral Problems of Horses
Social Behavior of Cattle
Behavioral Problems of Cattle
Social Behavior of Swine
Behavioral Problems of Swine
Social Behavior of Sheep
Behavioral Problems of Sheep
Social Behavior of Goats
Behavioral Problems of Goats
Social Behavior of Chickens
Behavioral Problems of Chickens
Social Behavior of Dogs
Behavioral Problems of Dogs
Social Behavior of Cats
Behavioral Problems of Cats
Tumors of the Skin and Soft Tissues
Epidermal and Hair Follicle Tumors in Animals
Metastatic Tumors
Tumors of Melanocytic
Lymphocytic, Histiocytic, and Related Cutaneous
Undifferentiated and Anaplastic Sarcomas
Connective Tissue Tumors
Equine Sarcoids
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Male
Breeding Soundness Examination of Stallions
Breeding Soundness Examination of Rams
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bulls
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bucks
Breeding Soundness Examination of Male Dogs
Clinical Pathology
Collection and Submission of Laboratory Samples from Animals
Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Discipline of Cytology
Diagnostic Procedures for the Private Practice Laboratory
Clinical Hematology
Antemortem Inspection of Production Animals
Urinalysis - Clinical Pathology and Procedures
Serologic Test Kits
Parasitology in Veterinary Practice
Computed Tomography (CT)
Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of Animals
Radiography of Animals
Ultrasonography in Animals
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animals
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Animals
Dentistry
Dental Caries in Small Animals
Dentofacial Trauma in Small Animals
Developmental Abnormalities of the Mouth and Dentition in Small Animals
Endodontic Disease in Small Animals
Periodontal Disease in Small Animals
Tooth Resorption in Small Animals
Pituitary Gland in Animals
Acromegaly in cats
Diabetes Insipidus in Animals
Production Measures
Overview of Meat Inspection
Postmortem Inspection of Production Animals
General Condemnation of Production Animals
Inspection of Meat Processing
Sanitation and Food Safety
Prepurchase Examination of Horses
Prepurchase Examination of Ruminants and Swine
Reproduction
Labor and Delivery in Dogs and Cats
Infertility in Dogs and Cats
Periparturient Problems in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum Care in Dogs and Cats
Pregnancy Determination in Dogs and Cats
Prevention or Termination of Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats
Whelping and Queening in Dogs and Cats
About
Contact Us
Science With TEA
Home
Brain
Articles
Cell
What’s Inside a Cell?
Live Creatures
Extracellular Vesicles
Stem Cells
iPSCs
Eyes on the Future
Osteoarthritis
Cancer
New with TEA
Beata Halassy Self-treatment
خود درمانی دانشمند ویروس شناس
انقلابی در بینایی: اولین مطالعه بالینی پیوند قرنیه مشتق از سلولهای بنیادی
Take a deep breath of virus
Veterinary Medicine
Emergency
The Fluid Resuscitation Plan in Animals
Assessment of Resuscitation Efforts in Animals
Maintenance Fluid Plan in Animals
Trauma in Emergency Medicine in Small Animals
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Small Animals
First Aid and Transport of Small Animals
Receiving Area for Small Animal Emergency Patients
Initial Triage and Resuscitation of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Secondary Survey of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Acute Glaucoma in Small Animals
Overview of Ophthalmic Emergencies in Small Animals
Animal Behavior
Decoding Animal Behavior
Diagnosis of Behavior Problems
Behavior Prognosis
Treatment of Behavior Problems
Social Behavior of Horses
Behavioral Problems of Horses
Social Behavior of Cattle
Behavioral Problems of Cattle
Social Behavior of Swine
Behavioral Problems of Swine
Social Behavior of Sheep
Behavioral Problems of Sheep
Social Behavior of Goats
Behavioral Problems of Goats
Social Behavior of Chickens
Behavioral Problems of Chickens
Social Behavior of Dogs
Behavioral Problems of Dogs
Social Behavior of Cats
Behavioral Problems of Cats
Tumors of the Skin and Soft Tissues
Epidermal and Hair Follicle Tumors in Animals
Metastatic Tumors
Tumors of Melanocytic
Lymphocytic, Histiocytic, and Related Cutaneous
Undifferentiated and Anaplastic Sarcomas
Connective Tissue Tumors
Equine Sarcoids
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Male
Breeding Soundness Examination of Stallions
Breeding Soundness Examination of Rams
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bulls
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bucks
Breeding Soundness Examination of Male Dogs
Clinical Pathology
Collection and Submission of Laboratory Samples from Animals
Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Discipline of Cytology
Diagnostic Procedures for the Private Practice Laboratory
Clinical Hematology
Antemortem Inspection of Production Animals
Urinalysis - Clinical Pathology and Procedures
Serologic Test Kits
Parasitology in Veterinary Practice
Computed Tomography (CT)
Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of Animals
Radiography of Animals
Ultrasonography in Animals
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animals
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Animals
Dentistry
Dental Caries in Small Animals
Dentofacial Trauma in Small Animals
Developmental Abnormalities of the Mouth and Dentition in Small Animals
Endodontic Disease in Small Animals
Periodontal Disease in Small Animals
Tooth Resorption in Small Animals
Pituitary Gland in Animals
Acromegaly in cats
Diabetes Insipidus in Animals
Production Measures
Overview of Meat Inspection
Postmortem Inspection of Production Animals
General Condemnation of Production Animals
Inspection of Meat Processing
Sanitation and Food Safety
Prepurchase Examination of Horses
Prepurchase Examination of Ruminants and Swine
Reproduction
Labor and Delivery in Dogs and Cats
Infertility in Dogs and Cats
Periparturient Problems in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum Care in Dogs and Cats
Pregnancy Determination in Dogs and Cats
Prevention or Termination of Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats
Whelping and Queening in Dogs and Cats
About
Contact Us
More
Home
Brain
Articles
Cell
What’s Inside a Cell?
Live Creatures
Extracellular Vesicles
Stem Cells
iPSCs
Eyes on the Future
Osteoarthritis
Cancer
New with TEA
Beata Halassy Self-treatment
خود درمانی دانشمند ویروس شناس
انقلابی در بینایی: اولین مطالعه بالینی پیوند قرنیه مشتق از سلولهای بنیادی
Take a deep breath of virus
Veterinary Medicine
Emergency
The Fluid Resuscitation Plan in Animals
Assessment of Resuscitation Efforts in Animals
Maintenance Fluid Plan in Animals
Trauma in Emergency Medicine in Small Animals
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Small Animals
First Aid and Transport of Small Animals
Receiving Area for Small Animal Emergency Patients
Initial Triage and Resuscitation of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Secondary Survey of Small Animal Emergency Patients
Acute Glaucoma in Small Animals
Overview of Ophthalmic Emergencies in Small Animals
Animal Behavior
Decoding Animal Behavior
Diagnosis of Behavior Problems
Behavior Prognosis
Treatment of Behavior Problems
Social Behavior of Horses
Behavioral Problems of Horses
Social Behavior of Cattle
Behavioral Problems of Cattle
Social Behavior of Swine
Behavioral Problems of Swine
Social Behavior of Sheep
Behavioral Problems of Sheep
Social Behavior of Goats
Behavioral Problems of Goats
Social Behavior of Chickens
Behavioral Problems of Chickens
Social Behavior of Dogs
Behavioral Problems of Dogs
Social Behavior of Cats
Behavioral Problems of Cats
Tumors of the Skin and Soft Tissues
Epidermal and Hair Follicle Tumors in Animals
Metastatic Tumors
Tumors of Melanocytic
Lymphocytic, Histiocytic, and Related Cutaneous
Undifferentiated and Anaplastic Sarcomas
Connective Tissue Tumors
Equine Sarcoids
Breeding Soundness Examination of the Male
Breeding Soundness Examination of Stallions
Breeding Soundness Examination of Rams
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bulls
Breeding Soundness Examination of Bucks
Breeding Soundness Examination of Male Dogs
Clinical Pathology
Collection and Submission of Laboratory Samples from Animals
Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical Discipline of Cytology
Diagnostic Procedures for the Private Practice Laboratory
Clinical Hematology
Antemortem Inspection of Production Animals
Urinalysis - Clinical Pathology and Procedures
Serologic Test Kits
Parasitology in Veterinary Practice
Computed Tomography (CT)
Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of Animals
Radiography of Animals
Ultrasonography in Animals
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animals
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Animals
Dentistry
Dental Caries in Small Animals
Dentofacial Trauma in Small Animals
Developmental Abnormalities of the Mouth and Dentition in Small Animals
Endodontic Disease in Small Animals
Periodontal Disease in Small Animals
Tooth Resorption in Small Animals
Pituitary Gland in Animals
Acromegaly in cats
Diabetes Insipidus in Animals
Production Measures
Overview of Meat Inspection
Postmortem Inspection of Production Animals
General Condemnation of Production Animals
Inspection of Meat Processing
Sanitation and Food Safety
Prepurchase Examination of Horses
Prepurchase Examination of Ruminants and Swine
Reproduction
Labor and Delivery in Dogs and Cats
Infertility in Dogs and Cats
Periparturient Problems in Dogs and Cats
Postpartum Care in Dogs and Cats
Pregnancy Determination in Dogs and Cats
Prevention or Termination of Pregnancy in Dogs and Cats
Whelping and Queening in Dogs and Cats
About
Contact Us
Behavioral Problems of Horses
Core Principles of Equine Behavior
•
Natural State:
Free-ranging horses spend
>60% of their day foraging
and are highly social.
•
Primary Cause of Problems:
Most behavioral issues are associated with
confinement
, isolation, and deviations from these natural patterns.
•
General Management Goal:
Identify the deviation from normal behavior and correct it through environmental or behavioral changes.
Aggression in Horses:
•
Visual Signs:
Flattened ears, retracted lips, rapid tail movements, snaking, head bowing, and
levade
(rearing with flexed hindquarters).
•
Types of Aggression:
◦
To People:
Often occurs in stalls (confined space); categories include fear, pain, sexual/hormonal, or learned dominance.
◦
Toward Other Horses:
Associated with sexual competition, fear, dominance, or protecting territory/resources.
◦
Maternal:
Normal in mares for the first few days post-delivery; usually wanes over time.
◦
While Breeding:
Stallions may be aggressive if overused, used out of season, or if they have a mating preference.
•
Management:
◦
Environmental:
Provide sufficient space, food, and water to reduce competition.
◦
Behavioral:
Use positive reinforcement,
desensitization, and counterconditioning
.
◦
Medical:
Castration or progestins for sexual aggression; SSRIs or tryptophan for some cases.
◦
Note:
Punishment should be avoided as it can aggravate the situation.
Stereotypic & Repetitive Behaviors
•
Definition:
Repetitive behaviors that serve no obvious function and occupy a large part of the day.
•
Oral Stereotypies:
◦
Cribbing (Windsucking):
Grasping an object with incisors and sucking air. Associated with
highly palatable food (grain)
and lack of exercise.
◦
Wood Chewing (Lignophagia):
Swallowing wood; primarily caused by a
lack of roughage
in the diet.
•
Locomotor Stereotypies:
◦
Stall Walking & Weaving:
Rhythmic circling or weight shifting. Triggered by lack of social contact, claustrophobia, and stress.
◦
Stall Kicking & Pawing:
Often driven by
frustration or anticipation
of food.
•
Head Shaking:
Uncontrollable head jerking; can be a compulsive disorder or caused by medical issues like respiratory disease or nasal mites.
•
Management Strategies:
◦ Increase
roughage, social contact, and exercise
.
◦ Physical aids: Mirrors for weaving; cribbing straps or open-end muzzles for cribbing.
Fear, Phobias, and Trailering
•
Neophobia:
An innate fear of new things.
•
Trailer-Related Problems:
◦
Loading Fear:
Caused by dark interiors, instability, noise, or past punishment.
◦
Travel Stress:
Indicated by increased heart rate and salivary cortisol.
•
Treatment:
Slow desensitization and counterconditioning with treats long before a trip is required. Avoid punishment, as it makes loading dangerous.
Sexual & Eating Disorders
•
Sexual Issues:
◦
Mares:
Silent heat (stress/preference) or Nymphomania (often caused by
granulosa cell tumors
).
◦
Stallions:
Poor libido due to overuse or past negative experiences.
◦
Geldings:
Stallion-like behavior (fighting/mounting) occurs in 50% of geldings due to prenatal brain masculinization.
•
Eating Disorders:
◦
Coprophagia:
Normal in foals (first 8 weeks) to introduce flora; in adults, it suggests a
low-roughage diet
.
◦
Obesity:
Caused by overfeeding concentrates and lack of exercise.
Foal Rejection
•
Three Categories:
1.
Avoidance:
Mare is fearful but not aggressive; won't allow suckling.
2.
Intolerance:
Often due to a painful udder or being a first-time mother.
3.
Aggression:
Mare actively bites or kicks the foal (stallion-like behavior).
•
Treatment:
◦
Safety First:
Protect the foal; provide colostrum within 12 hours.
◦
Intervention:
Restrain the mare for suckling; address medical issues like
mastitis
.
◦
Medication:
Acepromazine or diazepam can help, but they may enter the milk.
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